- java.lang.Object
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- java.awt.Robot
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public class Robot extends Object
This class is used to generate native system input events for the purposes of test automation, self-running demos, and other applications where control of the mouse and keyboard is needed. The primary purpose of Robot is to facilitate automated testing of Java platform implementations.Using the class to generate input events differs from posting events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the events are generated in the platform's native input queue. For example,
Robot.mouseMovewill actually move the mouse cursor instead of just generating mouse move events.Note that some platforms require special privileges or extensions to access low-level input control. If the current platform configuration does not allow input control, an
AWTExceptionwill be thrown when trying to construct Robot objects. For example, X-Window systems will throw the exception if the XTEST 2.2 standard extension is not supported (or not enabled) by the X server.Applications that use Robot for purposes other than self-testing should handle these error conditions gracefully.
Platforms and desktop environments may impose restrictions or limitations on the access required to implement all functionality in the Robot class. For example:
- preventing access to the contents of any part of a desktop or Window on the desktop that is not owned by the running application.
- treating window decorations as non-owned content.
- ignoring or limiting specific requests to manipulate windows.
- ignoring or limiting specific requests for Robot generated (synthesized) events related to keyboard and mouse etc.
- requiring specific or global permissions to any access to window contents, even application owned content,or to perform even limited synthesizing of events.
- be required every time
- or persistent for the lifetime of an application,
- or persistent across multiple user desktop sessions
- be fine-grained permissions
- be associated with a specific binary application, or a class of binary applications.
- Since:
- 1.3
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Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description Robot()Constructs a Robot object in the coordinate system of the primary screen.Robot(GraphicsDevice screen)Creates a Robot for the given screen device.
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Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description MultiResolutionImagecreateMultiResolutionScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect)Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.BufferedImagecreateScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect)Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.voiddelay(int ms)Sleeps for the specified time.intgetAutoDelay()Returns the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.ColorgetPixelColor(int x, int y)Returns the color of a pixel at the given screen coordinates.booleanisAutoWaitForIdle()Returns whether this Robot automatically invokeswaitForIdleafter generating an event.voidkeyPress(int keycode)Presses a given key.voidkeyRelease(int keycode)Releases a given key.voidmouseMove(int x, int y)Moves mouse pointer to given screen coordinates.voidmousePress(int buttons)Presses one or more mouse buttons.voidmouseRelease(int buttons)Releases one or more mouse buttons.voidmouseWheel(int wheelAmt)Rotates the scroll wheel on wheel-equipped mice.voidsetAutoDelay(int ms)Sets the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.voidsetAutoWaitForIdle(boolean isOn)Sets whether this Robot automatically invokeswaitForIdleafter generating an event.StringtoString()Returns a string representation of this Robot.voidwaitForIdle()Waits until all events currently on the event queue have been processed.
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Constructor Detail
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Robot
public Robot() throws AWTExceptionConstructs a Robot object in the coordinate system of the primary screen.- Throws:
AWTException- if the platform configuration does not allow low-level input control. This exception is always thrown when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns trueSecurityException- ifcreateRobotpermission is not granted- See Also:
GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless(),SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission),AWTPermission
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Robot
public Robot(GraphicsDevice screen) throws AWTException
Creates a Robot for the given screen device. Coordinates passed to Robot method calls like mouseMove, getPixelColor and createScreenCapture will be interpreted as being in the same coordinate system as the specified screen. Note that depending on the platform configuration, multiple screens may either:- share the same coordinate system to form a combined virtual screen
- use different coordinate systems to act as independent screens
If screen devices are reconfigured such that the coordinate system is affected, the behavior of existing Robot objects is undefined.
- Parameters:
screen- A screen GraphicsDevice indicating the coordinate system the Robot will operate in.- Throws:
AWTException- if the platform configuration does not allow low-level input control. This exception is always thrown when GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true.IllegalArgumentException- ifscreenis not a screen GraphicsDevice.SecurityException- ifcreateRobotpermission is not granted- See Also:
GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless(),GraphicsDevice,SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission),AWTPermission
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Method Detail
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mouseMove
public void mouseMove(int x, int y)Moves mouse pointer to given screen coordinates.The mouse pointer may not visually move on some platforms, while the subsequent mousePress and mouseRelease can be delivered to the correct location
- Parameters:
x- X positiony- Y position
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mousePress
public void mousePress(int buttons)
Presses one or more mouse buttons. The mouse buttons should be released using themouseRelease(int)method.- Parameters:
buttons- the Button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks.It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a
buttonsparameter. A valid combination consists ofInputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASKand values returned by theInputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)method. The valid combination also depends on aToolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()value as follows:- If support for extended mouse buttons is
disabledby Java then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks:InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK. - If support for extended mouse buttons is
enabledby Java then it is allowed to use the standard button masks and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons. In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons in the range from 1 toMouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons().
It is recommended to use theInputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number.
The following standard button masks are also accepted:
InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASKInputEvent.BUTTON2_MASKInputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK
InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASKinstead. Either extended_DOWN_MASKor old_MASKvalues should be used, but both those models should not be mixed.- If support for extended mouse buttons is
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- if thebuttonsmask contains the mask for extra mouse button and support for extended mouse buttons isdisabledby JavaIllegalArgumentException- if thebuttonsmask contains the mask for extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons isenabledby Java- See Also:
mouseRelease(int),InputEvent.getMaskForButton(int),Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled(),MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons(),MouseEvent
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mouseRelease
public void mouseRelease(int buttons)
Releases one or more mouse buttons.- Parameters:
buttons- the Button mask; a combination of one or more mouse button masks.It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a
buttonsparameter. A valid combination consists ofInputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASKand values returned by theInputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)method. The valid combination also depends on aToolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()value as follows:- If the support for extended mouse buttons is
disabledby Java then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks:InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK. - If the support for extended mouse buttons is
enabledby Java then it is allowed to use the standard button masks and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons. In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons in the range from 1 toMouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons().
It is recommended to use theInputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number.
The following standard button masks are also accepted:
InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASKInputEvent.BUTTON2_MASKInputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK
InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK,InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASKinstead. Either extended_DOWN_MASKor old_MASKvalues should be used, but both those models should not be mixed.- If the support for extended mouse buttons is
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- if thebuttonsmask contains the mask for extra mouse button and support for extended mouse buttons isdisabledby JavaIllegalArgumentException- if thebuttonsmask contains the mask for extra mouse button that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons isenabledby Java- See Also:
mousePress(int),InputEvent.getMaskForButton(int),Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled(),MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons(),MouseEvent
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mouseWheel
public void mouseWheel(int wheelAmt)
Rotates the scroll wheel on wheel-equipped mice.- Parameters:
wheelAmt- number of "notches" to move the mouse wheel Negative values indicate movement up/away from the user, positive values indicate movement down/towards the user.- Since:
- 1.4
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keyPress
public void keyPress(int keycode)
Presses a given key. The key should be released using thekeyReleasemethod.Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them (e.g.
KeyEvent.VK_SHIFTcould mean either the left or right shift key) will map to the left key.- Parameters:
keycode- Key to press (e.g.KeyEvent.VK_A)- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- ifkeycodeis not a valid key- See Also:
keyRelease(int),KeyEvent
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keyRelease
public void keyRelease(int keycode)
Releases a given key.Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them (e.g.
KeyEvent.VK_SHIFTcould mean either the left or right shift key) will map to the left key.- Parameters:
keycode- Key to release (e.g.KeyEvent.VK_A)- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- ifkeycodeis not a valid key- See Also:
keyPress(int),KeyEvent
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getPixelColor
public Color getPixelColor(int x, int y)
Returns the color of a pixel at the given screen coordinates.If the desktop environment requires that permissions be granted to capture screen content, and the required permissions are not granted, then a
SecurityExceptionmay be thrown, or the content of the returnedColoris undefined.- API Note:
- It is recommended to avoid calling this method on the AWT Event Dispatch Thread since screen capture may be a lengthy operation, particularly if acquiring permissions is needed and involves user interaction.
- Parameters:
x- X position of pixely- Y position of pixel- Returns:
- Color of the pixel
- Throws:
SecurityException- ifreadDisplayPixelspermission is not granted, or access to the screen is denied by the desktop environment
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createScreenCapture
public BufferedImage createScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect)
Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.If the desktop environment requires that permissions be granted to capture screen content, and the required permissions are not granted, then a
SecurityExceptionmay be thrown, or the contents of the returnedBufferedImageare undefined.- API Note:
- It is recommended to avoid calling this method on the AWT Event Dispatch Thread since screen capture may be a lengthy operation, particularly if acquiring permissions is needed and involves user interaction.
- Parameters:
screenRect- Rect to capture in screen coordinates- Returns:
- The captured image
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- ifscreenRectwidth and height are not greater than zeroSecurityException- ifreadDisplayPixelspermission is not granted, or access to the screen is denied by the desktop environment- See Also:
SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission),AWTPermission
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createMultiResolutionScreenCapture
public MultiResolutionImage createMultiResolutionScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect)
Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen. This method can be used in case there is a scaling transform from user space to screen (device) space. Typically this means that the display is a high resolution screen, although strictly it means any case in which there is such a transform. Returns aMultiResolutionImage.For a non-scaled display, the
MultiResolutionImagewill have one image variant:- Base Image with user specified size.
For a high resolution display where there is a scaling transform, the
MultiResolutionImagewill have two image variants:- Base Image with user specified size. This is scaled from the screen.
- Native device resolution image with device size pixels.
Example:
Image nativeResImage; MultiResolutionImage mrImage = robot.createMultiResolutionScreenCapture(frame.getBounds()); List<Image> resolutionVariants = mrImage.getResolutionVariants(); if (resolutionVariants.size() > 1) { nativeResImage = resolutionVariants.get(1); } else { nativeResImage = resolutionVariants.get(0); }- Parameters:
screenRect- Rect to capture in screen coordinates- Returns:
- The captured image
- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- ifscreenRectwidth and height are not greater than zeroSecurityException- ifreadDisplayPixelspermission is not granted, or access to the screen is denied by the desktop environment- Since:
- 9
- See Also:
SecurityManager.checkPermission(java.security.Permission),AWTPermission
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isAutoWaitForIdle
public boolean isAutoWaitForIdle()
Returns whether this Robot automatically invokeswaitForIdleafter generating an event.- Returns:
- Whether
waitForIdleis automatically called
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setAutoWaitForIdle
public void setAutoWaitForIdle(boolean isOn)
Sets whether this Robot automatically invokeswaitForIdleafter generating an event.- Parameters:
isOn- WhetherwaitForIdleis automatically invoked
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getAutoDelay
public int getAutoDelay()
Returns the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.- Returns:
- the delay duration in milliseconds
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setAutoDelay
public void setAutoDelay(int ms)
Sets the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.- Parameters:
ms- the delay duration in milliseconds- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- Ifmsis not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive
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delay
public void delay(int ms)
Sleeps for the specified time. To catch anyInterruptedExceptions that occur,Thread.sleep()may be used instead.- Parameters:
ms- time to sleep in milliseconds- Throws:
IllegalArgumentException- ifmsis not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive- See Also:
Thread.sleep(long)
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waitForIdle
public void waitForIdle()
Waits until all events currently on the event queue have been processed.- Throws:
IllegalThreadStateException- if called on the AWT event dispatching thread
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